Temperature-Controlled Ocean Container (Reefer, Intermodal Container)
An actively cooled metal box (commonly 20 or 40 ft long) that can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as between ships, trains, and trucks. (TR64)
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Temperature-Controlled Truck or Trailer
A cargo box attached to a truck chasse or as a trailer pulled by a truck that is equipped with a temperature control unit (TCU) to provide active cooling or heating control inside the box. Refrigerated trucks or trailers are sometimes referred to as “reefers”. The temperature control units are typically powered by an integrated engine or gen-set and not the engine that is used to propel the truck. (TR58) A cargo box attached to a truck chassis or consisting of a trailer pulled by a truck that is equipped with a TCU to provide active cooling or heating control inside the box (refrigerated trucks or trailers are sometimes referred to as “reefers”). (TR64)
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Thermal Mass
The mass of material present multiplied by that material’s specific heat capacity. (TR64)
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Protocol Summary Report
A report generated at the completion of the activities identified in an individual validation protocol that summarizes deviations and conclusions. (TR64)
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Qualification
Documented testing that demonstrates with a high degree of assurance that a specific process will meet its pre-determined acceptance criteria. (TR39) (TR58) (TR64)
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Protocol Deviation
A deviation that occurs when a result is unexpected (i.e., fails to meet the predetermined acceptance criteria) or a procedure in the protocol cannot be executed as written (e.g., when a challenge is conducted using a methodology other than that described in the protocol or a process/ piece of test equipment fails). (TR64)
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Protocol
A predefined, written procedural method for the design and implementation of experiments to define and document the methodology and criteria required to assess the capability of a temperature-controlled system to achieve the desired result. (TR64)
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Operational Qualification (OQ)
Documented verification that the equipment or systems, as installed or modified, perform as intended throughout the anticipated operating ranges. (TR14) (TR61) (TR64) (TR72)
The documented verification that the facilities, systems and equipment, as installed or modified, perform as intended throughout the anticipated operating ranges. (TR54-5)
Documented verification that the equipment or systems, as installed or modified, perform as intended throughout the anticipated operating ranges (17). (TR60-3)
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Performance Qualification (PQ)
Documented verification that the equipment and ancillary systems, as connected together, can perform effectively and reproducibly based on the approved process method and specifications. (TR3) (TR14) (TR45) (TR42) (TR48) (TR61) (TR64)
Transport tests of product or representative product that is conducted during actual transportation or distribution. (TR39)
Documented evidence that provides a high degree of assurance that the equipment and/or system functions accurately and consistently according to predetermined specifications in its operating environment. (TR54-5)
Documented verification that the equipment and ancillary systems, as connected together, can perform effectively and reproducibly based on the approved process method and specifications (17). (TR60-3)
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Microprocessor
One of the five major components of a TCU, the unit interfaces with temperature sensors in the discharge and return air and adjusts the output rate of active cooling or heating to achieve the setpoint temperature. (TR64)
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Installation Qualification (IQ)
Documented verification that the equipment or systems, as installed or modified, comply with the approved design, the manufacturer’s recommendations, and/or user requirements. (TR14) (TR42) (TR48) (TR61) (TR64)
The documented verification that the facilities, systems and equipment, as installed or modified, comply with the approved design and the manufacturer’s recommendations. (TR54-5)
Documented verification that the equipment or systems, as installed or modified, comply with the approved design, the manufacturer’s recommendations, and/or user requirements (17). (TR60)
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Intermodal Container
A shipping container used to ship cargo through more than one of the four traditional modes of transportation (road, air, ocean, and rail). (TR64)
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Generator Set (Genset)
A generator unit that is used to provide electrical power to maintain the temperature in a container/ trailer in transit and is not attached to a stationary power source. Gensets consist of a diesel or electrically powered engine that produces the required voltage to operate the temperature control unit (TCU; reefer) on the container/trailer. (TR64)
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Full Loop Calibration
A calibration process that includes all measurement system components, from sensor to measurement value (e.g., temperature calibration of a data logger and attached thermocouple wires). (TR64)
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Evaporator
Component that transfers heat out of or into the CES (to control the area temperature). (TR64)
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Controlled Environmental Space (CES)
An area that is controlled by regulating temperature. (TR64)
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Condenser
Component that removes the heat absorbed by the refrigerant from the compressor and temperature- controlled area. (TR64)
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Change Control
A formal program that describes evaluation and actions to be taken if a change is proposed or completed to facilities, materials, equipment, and/or processes used in the fabrication, packaging, and testing of drugs, or a proposed or completed change that may affect the operation of the quality or support systems. (TR22) (TR39) (TR52) (TR58) (TR64) (TR 70)
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British Thermal Unit (BTU)
The amount of heat (measured in Joules) required to raise the temperature of one pound of
water by 1ºF.(TR64)
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Active Unit Load Device (ULD)
A Unit Load Device (ULD) container used to consolidate cargo on aircraft that contains electrical or battery-powered temperature control systems for transporting temperature-sensitive materials; an RKN type is used in an FMEA example. (TR58) A unit load device with an active heating and/or cooling system that is typically used in air transportation, usually operated from externally supplied AC or DC power or from internal batteries. (TR 64)
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Active Unit Load Device (Active ULD)
A Unit Load Device (ULD) container used to consolidate cargo on aircraft that contains electrical or battery-powered temperature control systems for transporting temperature-sensitive materials; an RKN type is used in an FMEA example. (TR58) A unit load device with an active heating and/or cooling system that is typically used in air transportation, usually operated from externally supplied AC or DC power or from internal batteries. (TR64)
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Active Temperature Controlled System
Actively powered system that uses electricity or other fuel source to maintain a temperaturecontrolled environment inside an insulated enclosure under thermostatic regulation (e.g., cold room, refrigerator, temperature-controlled truck, refrigerated ocean or air container). (TR 72) (TR64)
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Active Systems
Systems with active temperature control (e.g., air/sea freight containers, refrigerated trucks/cars). (TR39) System with active temperature control. It makes use of electricity or fuel for the compressor to maintain temperature. Examples include refrigerated trucks, temperature-controlled ocean containers, and active ULDs. (TR58) Actively powered system that uses electricity or other fuel source to maintain a temperaturecontrolled environment inside an insulated enclosure under thermostatic regulation (e.g., cold room, refrigerator, temperature-controlled truck, refrigerated ocean or air container). (TR64) (TR72) (Synonym: Active Temperature Controlled System)
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Acceptance Criteria
Numerical limits, ranges, or other suitable measures for acceptance of test results. (TR 14) (TR 29) (TR 38) (TR 64)
Numerical limits, ranges, or other suitable measures for acceptance of test results. Exceeding the acceptable range for a critical parameter during subsequent validation studies may result in questionable product quality that would require initiation of an investigation. Exceeding the operating range should be documented and explained in the validation report and evaluated for validation study impact. (TR 42)
The pre-defined specifications, standards or ranges that must be met under stated test conditions. (TR 48)
Numerical limits, ranges, or other suitable measures for acceptance of the results of analytical method validation that is satisfied to determine suitability of test method performance.(TR 57) (TR 69) (TR 72) (TR 74)
The criteria that a system or component must satisfy in order to be accepted by a user or other authorized entity. (TR 54-5)
Numerical limits, ranges, or other suitable measures for acceptance of the results of analytical procedures which the drug substance or drug product or materials at other stages of their manufacture should meet (16). Exceeding the acceptable range for a critical parameter during subsequent validation studies may result in questionable product quality that would require initiation of an investigation and possible batch rejection. (TR60)
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