
PDA Technical Glossary
PDA Technical Reports are highly valued membership benefits because they offer expert guidance and opinions on important scientific and regulatory topics and are used as essential references by industry and regulatory authorities around the world. These reports include terms which explain the material and enhance the reader’s understanding.
The database presented here includes the glossary terms from all current technical reports. The database is searchable by keyword, topic, or by technical report. Each definition provided includes a link to the source technical report within the PDA Technical Report Portal.
(Please select "All" to restart a filtered Search)
Refine Results
Filter By Technical Report Number
- TR 57: Analytical Method Validation (7)
- TR 14: Validation: Protein Purification Chromatography (5)
- TR 60: Process Validation (4)
- TR 56: Phase Appropriate cGMP Application (3)
- TR 60-3: Process Validation: A Lifecycle Approach: Bio Drug Sub Mfg (3)
- TR 54: QRM:Manufacturing Operations (2)
- TR 54-4: QRM: Biotech Drug Substance (2)
- TR 69: Bioburden/Biofilm Management (2)
- TR 72: Passive Thermal Protection Systems: Qualification/Operations (2)
- TR 38: Manufacturing Chromatography Systems Postapproval Changes (ChromPAC) (2)
- TR 88: Microbial Data Deviation Investigations in the Pharmaceutical Industry (2)
- TR 54-5: Quality Risk Management for the Design, Qualification, and Operation of Manufacturing Systems (2)
- TR 42: Validation: Protein Manufacturing (2)
- TR 44: QRM: Aseptic Processes (2)
- TR 48: Moist Heat Sterilizer Systems (1)
- TR 54-2: QRM: Packaging Labeling (1)
- TR 54-3: QRM: Drug Products (1)
- TR 57-2: Analytical Method Development (1)
- TR 58: Temp Controlled Distribution (1)
- TR 64: Temp Controlled Systems Qualification (1)
- TR 65: Technology Transfer (1)
- TR 67: Objectionable Microorganisms (1)
- TR 70: Cleaning/Disinfection Programs (1)
- TR 1: Validation: Moist Heat (1)
- TR 26: Sterilizing Filtration of Liquids (1)
- TR 29: Validation: Cleaning (1)
- TR 60-2: Process Validation: A Lifecycle Approach, Annex 1: Oral Solid Dosage/Semisolid Dosage Forms (1)
Filter By Technical Report Keyword
Filter By Technical Report Category
Acceptance Criteria
Numerical limits, ranges, or other suitable measures for acceptance of test results. (TR 14) (TR 29) (TR 38) (TR 64)
Numerical limits, ranges, or other suitable measures for acceptance of test results. Exceeding the acceptable range for a critical parameter during subsequent validation studies may result in questionable product quality that would require initiation of an investigation. Exceeding the operating range should be documented and explained in the validation report and evaluated for validation study impact. (TR 42)
The pre-defined specifications, standards or ranges that must be met under stated test conditions. (TR 48)
Numerical limits, ranges, or other suitable measures for acceptance of the results of analytical method validation that is satisfied to determine suitability of test method performance.(TR 57) (TR 69) (TR 72) (TR 74)
The criteria that a system or component must satisfy in order to be accepted by a user or other authorized entity. (TR 54-5)
Numerical limits, ranges, or other suitable measures for acceptance of the results of analytical procedures which the drug substance or drug product or materials at other stages of their manufacture should meet (16). Exceeding the acceptable range for a critical parameter during subsequent validation studies may result in questionable product quality that would require initiation of an investigation and possible batch rejection. (TR60)
Source:
Design of Experiments (DOE)
A method for carrying out carefully planned experiments on a process. Usually, DoE involves a series of experiments that initially involves evaluating many variables and then focuses on a few critical ones. (TR54-4)
A structured, organized method for determining the relationship between factors affecting an assay and output of that assay. (TR57) (TR57-2) (TR74)
A structured, organized method for determining the relationship between factors affecting a process and the output of that process (8). (TR60)
Source:
Drug Substance (DS)
The active ingredient that is subsequently formulated with excipients to produce the drug product. It can be composed of the desired product, product-related substances, and product- and process-related impurities. It may also contain excipients, including buffers and other components. [Synonyms: bulk drug substance, bulk material, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)] (TR14) (TR57) (TR74) (TR60)
Active pharmaceutical ingredient in a drug product that is responsible for that product’s therapeutic activity.(TR67) (TR82) (TR88)
See Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). (TR56)
Source:
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
A method of assessing and evaluating risk. (TR44)
A systematic method for identifying, analyzing, prioritizing and documenting potential failure modes, their effects on system, product and process performance, and the possible causes of failure in order to prevent defects from occurring. (TR54) (TR54-2) (TR54-3) (TR54-4) (TR74) (TR54-5)
A tool for analyzing processes or systems to evaluate all operating steps in order to identify and assess the risk associated with any potential failures. (TR65)
An analytical technique that results in a rankordered list of concerns to take action on. (TR72)
Source:
Impurity
Any component present in the drug substance or drug product that is not the desired product, a product-related substance, or excipient including buffer components. It may be either processor product-related. (TR14) (TR57) (TR74)
Any component present in the drug substance or drug product which is not the desired product, a product-related substance, or excipient. It may be either process- or product-related (17). (TR60)
Source:
Parameters (Critical Process Parameter (CPP; Synonym – Critical Operational Parameter))
A process parameter whose variability has an impact on a critical quality attribute and therefore should be monitored or controlled to ensure the process produces the desired quality. (TR60) A process parameter whose variability has an impact on critical quality attribute and therefore should be monitored or controlled to ensure the process produces the desired quality. (TR74)
Source:
Process Validation
The documented evidence that the process, operated within established parameters, can perform effectively and reproducibly to produce an intermediate or API (drug substance) meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes. (TR14) (TR42)
Establishing documented evidence which provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes. (TR44)
The collection and evaluation of data, from the process design stage through commercial production, which establishes scientific evidence that a process is capable of consistently delivering quality products. (TR54) (TR57) (TR74)
The collection and evaluation of data, from the process design stage through commercial production, which establishes scientific evidence that a process is capable of consistently delivering quality product.
The documented evidence that the process, operated within established parameters, can perform effectively and reproducibly to produce a medicinal product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes, as described in EMA, EU GMP, Part 1, Annex 15, drug/medicinal product. (TR56)
EMA: The documented evidence that the process, operated within established parameters, can perform effectively and reproducibly to produce a medicinal product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes.
US FDA: The collection and evaluation of data, from the process design stage through commercial production, which establishes scientific evidence that a process is capable of consistently delivering quality products. (TR60-2)
The documented evidence that the process, operated within established parameters, can perform effectively and reproducibly to produce an intermediate or drug substance meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes (1, 17). (TR60-3)
Source:
Rework
Subjecting an intermediate or API that does not conform to standards or specifications to one or more processing steps that are different from the established manufacturing process to obtain acceptable quality intermediate or API (e.g., recrystallizing with a different solvent). (TR74)
Source:
Specification
A list of tests, references to analytical procedures, and appropriate acceptance criteria that are numerical limits, ranges, or other criteria for the test described. It establishes the set of criteria to which a material should conform to be considered acceptable for its intended use. (TR14)
A list of tests, references to analytical procedures, and appropriate acceptance criteria that are numerical limits, ranges, or other criteria for the test described. It establishes the set of criteria to which a material should conform to be considered acceptable for its intended use. Drug product and drug substance specifications are critical quality standards that are proposed and justified by the manufacturer and approved by regulatory authorities (TR38) (TR57)
A list of tests, references to analytical procedures, and appropriate acceptance criteria that are numerical limits, ranges, or other criteria for the test described. It establishes the set of criteria to which a material should conform to be considered acceptable for its intended use. Drug product and drug substance specifications are critical quality standards that are proposed and justified by the manufacturer and approved by regulatory authorities (TR69)
A list of tests, references to analytical procedures, and appropriate acceptance criteria, which are numerical limits, ranges, or other criteria for the tests described. It establishes the set of criteria to which a drug substance, drug product, or materials at other stages of its manufacture should conform to be considered acceptable for its intended use. “Conformance to specification” means that the drug substance and drug product, when tested according to the listed analytical procedures, will meet the acceptance criteria. Specifications are critical quality standards that are proposed and justified by the manufacturer and approved by regulatory authorities as conditions of approval. (TR56) (TR74)
A list of tests, references to analytical procedures, and appropriate acceptance criteria that are numerical limits, ranges, or other criteria for the test described. It establishes the set of criteria to which a material should conform to be considered acceptable for its intended use (17). (TR60-3)(TR88)
Source:
Validation
A documented program that provides a high level of scientific assurance that a manufacturing process will reliably produce acceptable product. The proof of validation is obtained through rational experimental design and the evaluation of data, preferably beginning from the process development phase and continuing through the commercial production phase. (TR01)
A documented program that provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process, method, or system will consistently produce a result meeting predetermined acceptance criteria. (TR26) (TR57) (TR70) (TR74)
Documented testing, performed under highly controlled conditions, which demonstrates that a process consistently produces a result that meets predetermined acceptance a result that meets predetermined acceptance criteria. Used to test processes, methods, and systems for which conditions can be controlled in the real world (i.e., after completion of testing, when the process is in use). Transportation processes can be qualified but not validated; in the real world, it is not possible to exert control over all parameters that could affect the transportation process (e.g., weather, customs, traffic delays, mechanical failures, etc.). (TR58)
A documented program that provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process, method, or system will consistently produce a result meeting predetermined acceptance criteria. (Note: Validation is a lifecycle program which may include development and qualification activities for one or more elements/systems that form a process.) (TR54-5)
A documented program that provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process, method, or system will consistently produce a result meeting pre-determined acceptance criteria (17). (TR60-3)