PDA Technical Glossary

A test article used to assess the performance of an assay in the known absence of a targeted microorganism or nucleic acid. Negative controls are used to minimize a risk of false positive results, which could occur due to non-specific signals. (TR50)

An application filed with the FDA used for the regulation and control of new drugs in the Unit­ed States; the goal is to provide enough infor­mation to permit the FDA reviewer to reach the following key decisions: whether the drug is safe and effective in its proposed use(s), and wheth­er the benefits of the drug outweigh the risks; whether the drugs proposed labeling (package insert) is appropriate, and what it should con­tain; whether the methods used in manufactur­ing the drug, and the controls used to maintain the drug’s quality are adequate to preserve the drug’s identity, strength, quality, and purity. (TR56)

A manufacturer’s measure of an ultrafiltration membrane based on a defined solute-retention coefficient. (TR15)

A filter rating with an arbitrary value, indicating a particulate size range at which the filter manufacturer claims the filter removes some percentage. Nominal ratings vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and may not be suitable to compare filters among manufacturers. Processing conditions, such as operating pressure and concentration of contaminant may have a significant effect on the retention efficiency of the nominally rated filters. (TR41)

For this report, nonclinical laboratory study means in vivo or in vitro experiments, in which test arti­cles are studied prospectively in test systems under laboratory conditions in order to determine their safety. The definition does not include: studies us­ing human subjects or clinical studies, field trials in animals, or any basic exploratory studies carried out to determine whether a test article has any po­tential utility or to determine physical or chemical characteristics as described in ICH S6 and 21 CFR Part 58 (GLP). Note: Also referred to as Preclinical, Toxicity or “Tox” studies. (TR56)

A departure of a quality characteristic from its intended level or state that occurs with severity sufficient to cause an associated product or service not to meet a specification requirement. [Synonym: Defect] (TR43)(TR76)

A condition of any product or component in which one or more characteristics do not conform to requirements. Includes failures, deficiencies, defects, and malfunctions. [Synonym: Defect](TR43)(TR76)

Critical: A Nonconformity that is likely to result in personal injury or potential hazard to the patient. This classification includes any nonconformity that compromises the integrity of the container, and risks microbiological contamination of a sterile product. Major A: A Nonconformity leading to serious impairments, for example, a malfunction that makes the packaging unusable. Major B: A Nonconformity leading to impairments of a lesser degree, for example, reduced efficiency in production. Minor: A Nonconformity that does not impact product quality or process capability. N/A: An imperfection classification that is less than the size, magnitude and impact of a nonconformity is considered not applicable. Therefore an imperfection that is considered to be non-applicable is acceptable.(TR43) Critical: A nonconformity that risks personal injury or potential hazard to the patient. Any nonconformity that risks container closure in¬tegrity is assigned to this classification. Major A: A nonconformity leading to serious container impairments, e.g., a malfunction making packaging unusable. Major B: A nonconformity leading to contain¬er impairments of a lesser degree, e.g., reduced efficiency in production. Minor: A nonconformity that does not impact product quality or process capability. N/A: Imperfections that are considered to be nonapplicable or nondefects and are therefore acceptable.(TR 76)

A comparison with the primary objective of showing that the result from one method is not inferior to the method being compared. This is usually demonstrated by showing that the true difference is likely to lie above the lower equivalence margin. (TR57)

A virus used for characterization of viral clearance of the process when the purpose is to characterize the capacity of the manufacturing process to remove and/or inactivate viruses in general (i.e., to characterize the general viral clearance capacity of the purification process.) (TR41)

The therapeutic dose of a product as given on the approved product labeling. (TR29) (TR49)