Glossary Terms (Simple List)
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Block Pallet
A type of pallet with blocks between the pallet decks or beneath the top deck. These types of pallets usually carry more loads and last longer than stringer and typically 4 way entry. (TR55)
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Blocking
The grouping of related experimental units used in design of experiments (DOE). (TR57)
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Boundary Layer
A thin layer of fluid near the membrane surface in which the tangential velocity changes from zero at the surface to the free stream value away from the surface. (TR15)
Coating of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant (TR 69)
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Bracketing
A demonstration of unit operation performance at two different values of a given parameter (e.g., ionic strength, dwell time or temperature), allowing the use any values of that parameter falling within this range. (TR41)
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Bracketing Approach
A scientific approach for defining product/load characteristics (e.g., viscosity, container sizes, container fill volumes, item sizes, loading configurations) that are tested (in a qualification study or validation study) at upper and/or lower limits. (TR1) (TR61)
A validation method that tests the extremes of a process or product. The method assumes the extremes will be representative of all the samples between the extremes. (TR26)
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Break-loose Force
Energy required to initiate plunger movement within the syringe barrel upon injection. (TR 73)
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Breakthrough Limited
A filtration operation resulting in a significant rise in filtrate turbidity accompanied by a small increase in differential pressure. This occurs when the adsorptive capacity of the filter is reached, resulting in the passage of particles smaller than the pore size of the filter that would normally be removed by adsorption. (TR45)
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Brevundimonas Diminuta (B. diminuta)
Small bacteria (0.3–0.4 &mum in diameter by 0.6–0.1 &mum long) used to challenge a sterilizing grade filter during validation testing. [Formerly Pseudomonas diminuta](TR45)
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British Thermal Unit (BTU)
The amount of heat (measured in Joules) required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by 1ºF.(TR64)
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Bubble Point
The measured differential gas pressure at which a wetting liquid (e.g., water, alcohol, product) is pushed out of the largest pores of a wetted porous membrane, and a steady stream of gas bubbles or bulk gas flow is detected.(TR15) (TR26)
The minimum pressure at which a wetting liquid is pressed out of the pore system of a membrane while forming a steady bubble chain. (TR41)