Glossary Terms (Simple List)
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Formulation
A listing of the ingredients and composition of the dosage form. (TR38) The percent composition of ingredients in a product. (TR67)
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Foulant
Solute or suspended solid that interacts with the membrane causing a decrease in performance (see Fouling). (TR15)
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Fouling (or Clogging)
Adsorption or interaction with components in the feed stream resulting in a decrease in membrane performance. Generally, fouling can be reversed by cleaning the membrane. (TR15)
The result of solutes blinding or blocking membrane pores. It is observed as a decrease in the flux (at constant pressure) or an increase in the filtration differential pressure (at constant flux). (TR26)
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Fraction-Negative Methods
Fraction-negative methods use the starting population of a biological indicator (N0) and data in the quantal range to create a two-point line from which the DT-value can be determined. The quantal range is the exposure period over which a set of replicate test units exhibit a dichotomous response – some are positive for growth and the rest are negative for growth. (TR01)
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Frank (Canonical) Pathogens
Microorganisms responsible for infection in healthy individuals (i.e., individuals with normal operative and functional host defense mechanisms) that may be acquired from exposure to other infected people or animals, environmental reservoirs (exogenous) or the individual’s normal (endogenous) microbial flora. (TR67)
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Free Drained Equipment
No visible water pool in the equipment or line when viewed under appropriate lighting conditions (but may contain water droplets). (TR29)
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Freeze-Thaw
A study designed to determine the effect of repeated freezing (typically to -20 °C), and thawing back to labeled storage conditions (typically +5 °C for refrigerated products, and +25 °C for temperature products). Freeze-thaw studies are designed to evaluate the impact of short-term excursions where product may be exposed to sub-zero temperatures, followed by standard shipping conditions. (TR53)
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Frequent Monitoring
A process of collecting data in which conditions are monitored at a defined frequency not exceeding sixty minutes during operation. In most U.S. applications, this means “during production.” (TR13)
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Frit
A porous sieve or screen installed at the top and bottom of a column used to retain chromatography resin particles and allow passage of the process stream. [Synonym: sinter] (TR14)
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Full Loop Calibration
A calibration process that includes all measurement system components, from sensor to measurement value (e.g., temperature calibration of a data logger and attached thermocouple wires). (TR64)